世上最聰明的狗（Chaser）懂字彙破千雌犬「查瑟」（Chaser）可能是世上最聰明的狗。 這隻邊境牧羊犬，可以聽懂超過1000個字，顯示牠的記憶力不僅比美國研究人員好，還十分懂得語言運用。南加州伍佛德大學（Wofford College）心理學教授瑞德（Alliston Reid）說，查瑟知道1022件玩具的名稱，多到訓練員必須把玩具名稱寫在標籤上，才記得住。瑞德是這份研究報告的共同作者。因為這項本事，查瑟遠比另外1隻名叫利柯（Rico）的狗聰明。德國研究人員發現，利柯能記得約200個字，並將研究成果刊登在2004年的「科學」（Science）期刊。瑞德說，查瑟原本可以學會更多字彙，但是她的飼主在3年間將牠訓練到聽懂1022個字後，因時間限制就此打住。（譯者：中央社陳怡君）參考資料: 世上十種最聰明的動物 豬很聰明很愛干淨See Chaser's extensive vocabulary: 實驗影片酒店打工http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbI13nbDRRI&feature=player_embedded Smart US dog learns more than 1,000 wordsShe just might be the smartest pooch ever.A border collie has learned more than 1,000 words, showing US researchers that her memory is not only better than theirs, but that she understands quite a bit about how language works.Chaser learned the names for 1,022 toys, so many that her human handlers had to write on them in marker so that they wouldn't forget, said study co-author Alliston Reid, a psychology professor at Wofford College in South Carolina.With that repertoire, Chaser has far outpaced another dog, Rico, found by German researchers to be able to grasp about 200 words, according to a study published in 濾桶2004 in the journal Science.As a border collie, Chaser comes from a breed of herding dog known for its intelligence, energy and strong work ethic.Reid said she might be able to learn even more words, but her keepers stopped at 1,022 after three years of training simply because of time constraints.But identifying objects by name was just the beginning of the research, conducted by a pair of American psychology professors who became curious about the upper limits of a dog's learning abilities after seeing the German study.Study co-author John Pilley was also a master animal trainer and just happened to be getting a young border collie as a pet at about the same time as the research on Rico came out.By the time the pup was 關鍵字排名five months old, language training began in earnest."John Pilley and I would go to second-hand stores and just buy huge numbers of stuffed animals and balls and children's toys and so forth," said Reid."And we would give each one a name and write down the name on each item in permanent marker so that we could remember what the name of it was and use it systematically with Chaser."Over the course of three years, in sessions of four to five hours per day, Pilley and other trainers found that Chaser could identify every stuffed animal, frisbee and ball out of a colorful and growing pile of fun doggie toys.She could also differentiate toys by categories, such as her 116 balls, and she could perform specific commands with 買房子select playthings, such as touching her paw to a certain ball, or fetching a particular frisbee.And they trained her to do all this without offering any tasty treats."Chaser really, really likes playing with her toys and the social interaction of one of us taking one of her toys and throwing it up in the air and having her catch it," said Reid."It is much more rewarding for her than a morsel of food."The study, which appeared this week in the journal Behavioural Processes, published by the Amsterdam-based company Elsevier, shows Chaser has abilities that were left in doubt by the earlier work with Rico, such as the ability to discern commands from nouns and how to identify toys versus non-toys."Her learning and retention of 汽車貸款more than 1,000 proper nouns revealed clear evidence of several capacities necessary for learning receptive human language: the ability to discriminate many nouns phonetically, the ability to discriminate many objects visually, a sizable vocabulary, and a sufficient memory system," it said."Chaser understood that names refer to particular objects, independent of the activity requested involving that object. Thus, (the) concern that Rico may not have understood the difference between 'sock' and 'fetch-the-sock' is ruled out in this study."Scientists who raised questions about the earlier studies on Rico and the extent of his abilities did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the study involving 找房子Chaser.Meanwhile, Reid said that he and Pilley are continuing to study Chaser, who is now six and a half years old."We would like to know for example, does she really understand syntax, the order of words in a sentence? One experiment has to do with if we asked Chaser to pick up one object and place it on top of another object, will she always get that correct?"But for Reid, who has no dog at home since his daughter took their Labrador-mix off to graduate school, a bursting-with-energy border collie is not in his future."They are high maintenance dogs," he said with a laugh. "John Pilley often says that he goes to bed really early at night just to get away from his dog." The Smartest Dog in the WorldThe new reigning 關鍵字排名smarty-pants pooch, Chaser the border collie, who possesses the largest human vocabulary of any dog. Chaser, a female dog - naturally - can recognize the names of more than 1,022 objects. According to a report by the New Scientist, Chaser can categorize the various objects based on function and shape as well as understand the basic concepts behind nouns and verbs! Impressive! The last record holder, another border collie named Rico, knew 200 human words - still impressive, but Chaser's vocabulary is off the charts, putting her on intellectual par with three-year-old human children (and..um... some adult males I know ;).As part of a three year training course at Wofford College, taught by psychologists Alliston Reid and 居酒屋John Pilley. Chaser was introduced to the names of 1,022 toys. Over the three years, Reid and Pilley taught the collie the names of 1022 toys by introducing them to her one by one, getting her to fetch the toy and then repeating the name to reinforce the association. They say there's no limit to what the dog can learn! Watch the video below and watch the amazing Chaser in action! (via Discovery News). Read more: http://blogs.discovery.com/daily_treat/2011/01/chaser-the-border-collie-smartest-dog-in-the-world.htmlChaser the Border Collie: The Smartest Dog in the WorldThink your baby is smart? This dog is smarter. Chaser the border collie has the largest human vocabulary of any dog, recognizing the names of more than 1,000 宜蘭民宿objects. Chaser leaps ahead of the previous record holder, another border collie named Rico, who knew 200 human words. The dog's vocabulary nearly puts her on intellectual par with three-year-old human children. (See TIME's best pictures of the year) As part of a three-year training course at Wofford College , taught by psychologists Alliston Reid and John Pilley, Chaser was introduced to the names of 1,022 toys. (See the top 10 miniature animals) The dog still has a ways to go before he can compete with Guinness World Records breaking bird, a budgerigar named Puck, who in 1995 knew 1,728 words. (via Discovery News) (See the top 10 animal stories for 2010)Read more: 汽車借款http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/01/05/chaser-the-border-collie-the-smartest-dog-in-the-world/#ixzz1AUE0qcZy
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